The Palaeolithic rock art in Wadi Abu Subeira, Egypt: Landscape, archaeology, threats and conservation

This is how Wadi Abu Subeira may have looked like at the time of the making of the Late Palaeolithic rock art, some 15-20.000 years ago. Hypothetical reconstruction by Per Storemyr based on information on rock art locations from Adel Kelany and on the general knowledge of the geomorphology in the area, provided in Wendorf & Schild (1989). Only field studies can confirm the hypothesis.

Rock art by a “fjord” along the Nile? This is how Wadi Abu Subeira may have looked like at the time of the making of the Late Palaeolithic rock art, some 15-20.000 years ago. The iron mining concessions that may destroy the rock art are also indicated. Hypothetical reconstruction by Per Storemyr based on information on rock art locations from Adel Kelany and on the general knowledge of the geomorphology in the area, provided in Wendorf & Schild (1989). Only field studies can confirm the hypothesis.

Since the publication of the threats to the Palaeolithic rock art in Wadi Abu Subeira three weeks ago, there has been much response through e-mail and social media, and the case has been covered by many online magazines and blogs. People in Egypt and elsewhere are concerned, and I wish to thank you all for your interest and for bringing the case along to friends and colleagues, as well as to administrators and politicians. There now seems to be a need for an “unbiased”, comprehensive overview of what is actually known about the landscape, the archaeology, the rock art, the threats, current conservation efforts and options for the future. The overview below is based on published literature, and information that otherwise belongs to the public sphere. It is written in close cooperation with Adel Kelany, and we have benefitted from input by Dirk Huyge. Continue reading

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Quarrying of soft stone through history

Krauchthal: Extraction marks from the pickaxes in the difficult corners

Krauchthal, Berne, Switzerland, around 1900: Extraction marks from pickaxes in difficult corners

Quarrying of soft stone has been done with remarkably uniform methods over the last 5000 years. From Ancient Egypt to modern Norway – soft stone, like sandstone, limestone and soapstone, was nearly always taken from bedrock using chisels or picks. I have collected a few previous posts about this phenomenon, and hope they may be of interest:

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Wadi Abu Subeira, Egypt: Palaeolithic rock art on the verge of destruction

Adel Kamel of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Aswan recording Late Palaeolithic rock art while heavy trucks are transporting clay for the Egyptian ceramics industry in the background. Photo: Per Storemyr

Emergency in Wadi Abu Subeira: Adel Kamel of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Aswan recording Late Palaeolithic rock art. In the background: Heavy trucks transporting clay from the numerous mines in the wadi. The clay is used in the Egyptian ceramics industry. Photo: Per Storemyr

In 2006 one of the most important recent archaeological discoveries in Egypt were made in Wadi (Chor) Abu Subeira near Aswan: A team led by Adel Kelany of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) found a stunning assemblage of petroglyphs dating to the Late Palaeolithic era (c. 15-20.000 years ago). Ongoing surveys have shown that the initial find was the tip of the iceberg only, which makes Subeira perhaps the richest place of “Ice-Age” art in North Africa, comparable to the site of Qurta, 50 km to the north. Unfortunately, the Subeira rock art is extremely threatened by modern mining, which lately has proven to be even more widespread than previously thought: A truly unique testimony of mankind’s early art is now on the verge of destruction. Continue reading

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For those who didn’t really get the Levallois technique

 

I didn’t make this fine animation, it is the work of José-Manuel Benito Álvarez, check at Wikimedia Commons and at Wikipedia. But I did take the photo, before, I have to admit, I really got it. You see, I’m fond of stone, and the reddish-orange silicified sandstone (quartzite) at Wadi Abu Subeira, near Aswan in Egypt, makes my heart jump… I guess the Levallois core was prepared in the Middle Palaeolithic, quite some thousands of years ago.

Happy Easter!

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Mickey Mouse in rock art at Gharb Aswan (Egypt): Was he fond of sound?

Mickey Mouse at Gharb Aswan. Tracing by Per Storemyr (after own photo)

Mickey Mouse at Gharb Aswan. Tracing by Per Storemyr (after own photo)

Though Prehistoric rock art certainly had a meaning, its implications usually remain mysterious for us moderns. But sometimes the rock art conveys funny things to speculate on. What about big-eared Mickey Mouse at Gharb Aswan in Upper Egypt: Was he particularly fond of music?

Mickey may have been carved in the Neolithic or Epipalaeolithic period, some 6.000-10.000 years ago. Continue reading

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Nidarosdomens steinbrudd I: Byggingen av Kristkirken (1070-1100)

Building of Olav Kyrre’s Christ Church (1070-1100), the forerunner of Nidaros Cathedral / for Norwegian readers
Slik kan Kristkirken i Nidaros ha sett ut omkring 1100 (rekonstruksjon av Øystein Ekroll og Karl-Fredrik Keller)

Slik kan Kristkirken i Nidaros ha sett ut omkring 1100. Grunnplanen til dagens Nidarosdom er stiplet. (rekonstruksjon av Øystein Ekroll og Karl-Fredrik Keller)

Tenk deg at du for nesten 1000 år siden er engelsk byggmester og har fått i oppdrag å reise en av Norges aller første steinkirker, Kristkirken i Nidaros. Hvordan i all verden skal du ta fatt på oppgaven så langt borte fra Europas steinbyggings-tradisjoner? Tømmer til stillas og takverk er ikke noe problem, ei heller jern til verktøy – her er lokal kunnskap helt på topp. Men stein? Riktignok er det stein overalt, men den er mest hard og skifrig; det er ingen myk kalkstein og ingen romerske ruiner du kan plyndre. Hva gjør du? Continue reading

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Steinbruddenes kulturhistorie: Artikkelserie om Nidarosdomen

Cultural history of old quarries: Series about Nidaros Cathedral / for Norwegian readers

Nidarosdomens kulturhistorie kan oppleves på mange måter. Hva med å ta en tur til de femti bruddene som forsynte og forsyner Europas nordligste katedral med stein fra år 1070 til akkurat nå, i 2012?

Middelalderens moteriktige marmor fra Flandern, nå et puslete syn

Middelalderens moteriktige sorte "marmor" fra Tournai i Flandern (dagens Belgia), nå et temmelig puslete syn i Nidarosdomens hovedtårn. Her ble gravplaten gjenbrukt. Hvorfor? Foto: Per Storemyr

Her er et av de mange praktstykkene av middelalderens "Tournai black marble": Døpefont fra Lincoln-katedralen. Foto: David Wright, Wikipedia

Et av de mange praktstykkene av middelalderens sorte marmor fra Tournai: Døpefont fra Lincoln-katedralen. Foto: David Wright, Wikipedia

Visste du at et eksemplar av middelalderens mest moteriktige “marmor” frister en ussel tilværelse langt oppe i Nidarosdomens tårn? Den ble hugget i Flandern og kom med sjøfartens gamle handelsveier de 2000 km til Trondheim for 850 år siden. Stein var handelsvare, stein var mote, stein var full av symbolikk – i middelalderen som i vår tid – og enda lenger tilbake, til de gamle egypterne, og for den saks skyld helt siden menneskene fant det for godt å ta i bruk stein for et par millioner år siden… Continue reading

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