Per Storemyr Geoarchaeology & Conservation

Burning rock! Experiments with fire setting at the Stone Age Melsvik chert quarries in Northern Norway

Posted on August 28, 2013 by Per Storemyr

Bonfires to crack up stone in the Melsvik chert quarry. Photo: Per Storemyr

In the Melsvik Stone Age chert quarries near Alta in Northern Norway there are dozens of extraction marks that are difficult to explain by other ancient techniques than fire setting. Hence within the Melsvik archaeological project, run by the University Museum of Tromsø, last week we experimented with fire in order to substantiate that it actually formed an important method of breaking loose small and big pieces of stone. The idea was that it is not necessary with big fires and high temperatures, but that small, controlled “bonfires” are enough to create high shear stress and cracking. In this way high temperatures greatly reducing the quality of the chert for tool making are avoided. It works! Here’s a preliminary report with video. Continue reading →

Posted in Archaeology, New projects, Norway, Old quarries | Tagged Alta, chert, experimental archaeology, firesetting, Melsvik, Norway, quarry | 21 Comments

New paper on the unique Epipalaeolithic geometric rock art at el-Hosh, Upper Egypt

Posted on August 12, 2013 by Per Storemyr

The unique geometric rock art motif at location ATB 14 at el-Hosh in Upper Egypt. Photos: Per Storemyr

A year ago Dirk Huyge and I published a paper in the Sahara journal on a unique rock art “masterpiece” found among the Epipalaeolithic “geometric” (c. 5-9000 BC) assemblage at el-Hosh in Upper Egypt. Recently, we published another version of the discovery in Ancient Egypt Magazine. Continue reading →

Posted in Ancient Egypt, Archaeology, New publications, Rock art | Tagged Ancient Egypt, el-Hosh, rock art | 3 Comments

Would you have liked to live here, at Kropfenstein medieval cave castle?

Posted on May 31, 2013 by Per Storemyr

Pinned to the cliff: Kropfenstein medieval cave castle. Photo: Per Storemyr

Switzerland is renowned for its castles and castle ruins, remnants of the feudal Middle Ages. A time when we may not have wanted to live! At least not as common people. But sometimes we may question whether life was much better for the nobility, for society’s elite. Take a look at the remains of Kropfenstein castle, pinned to a vertical cliff in Surselva (Grisons), difficult to access, away from the nearest village. Great place for a special holiday, you might think – but would you have liked to reside here, year in, year out? Continue reading →

Posted in Archaeology, Ruins, Switzerland | Tagged castle, cave castle, Graubünden, Kropfenstein, life in the middle ages, ruin, Surselva, Switzerland | 3 Comments

An update after months of inactivity at my website

Posted on May 17, 2013 by Per Storemyr

Overgrown quarry pits and raised spoil heaps in the old Riniken millstone quarry landscape by Brugg in Canton Aargau, Switzerland. Photo: Per Storemyr

I’ve been busy over the last several months and so little has happened at the blog and website of my firm. A simple equation may provide a good explanation: Family and kids + professional responsibilities = no blogging! The first part of the equation ought to be pretty obvious. As regards the second part this is probably evident, too: Suddenly finding yourself confronted with deadlines and tenders! Continue reading →

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The little-known archaeology of Gharb Aswan, Upper Egypt

Posted on February 27, 2013 by Per Storemyr

Aerial view of the First Nile Cataract in 1936. The Old Aswan Dam in front, by then tiny Aswan City top right and the desert at Gharb Aswan at left. Source: Library of Congress.

Aerial view of the First Nile Cataract in 1936. The Old Aswan Dam in front, by then tiny Aswan City at top right and the desert at Gharb Aswan to the left. Source: Library of Congress. Image enhanced.

Gharb Aswan – or West Aswan – is the home to some 50.000 Nubian peoples on the west bank of the Nile, by the first cataract opposite the city of Aswan. Among archaeologists and tourists the area is renowned for the Tombs of the Nobles at Qubbet el-Hawa and the Coptic St. Simeon’s monastery, both on the UNESCO World Heritage List. But Gharb Aswan is much more than this, for here it is possible to follow human interaction with the landscape for millennia, almost throughout the history of humankind. With a focus on the unique stone working traditions, here’s a synopsis of the “unknown” archaeology of this beautiful desert area – with slideshow, map, bibliography and an overview of missions that have worked here. Continue reading →

Posted in Ancient Egypt, Archaeology, Old quarries, Rock art | Tagged Ancient Egypt, Gharb Aswan, hunting, quarry, rock art | 10 Comments

The old quarry that was reused as a beer brewery

Posted on February 2, 2013 by Per Storemyr

Old horse cart with beer barrel in the historic Wabern quarry by Berne, Switzerland. Photo: Per Storemyr

Working with the Berne Minster Workshop on mapping the quarries used for the cathedral, I visited the Wabern quarry just outside the city centre yesterday. Though it is unclear to what extent it was employed for the cathedral in the Middle Ages, it is a most remarkable quarry: For it was reused as a brewery for “Gurten Beer” from the 1860s on. Since I have noted the link between stone extraction and beer drinking through history (see last part of this story), I thought I ought to post the photo above of a wonderful old horse cart with a beer barrel remaining in the quarries. Continue reading →

Posted in Archaeology, New projects, Old quarries, Switzerland | Tagged Bern, Berner Sandstein, Cultural heritage, quarry, sandstone, Wabern | 2 Comments

Stone extraction with pickaxes in Ancient Egypt: Fact or fiction?

Posted on January 22, 2013 by Per Storemyr

Fact, no fiction: Evidence for the use of pickaxes with a narrow blade forming the cutting edge. Quarry by Shesmetet temple in Wadi el-Hillal by Elkab in Upper Egypt. Photo: Per Storemyr

Ancient Egyptian quarrying of softstone, such as sandstone and limestone, is commonly described as having been done exclusively by chisels struck with wooden mallets, even through the Roman period. In this way trenches separating each block were made, and then the block was loosened at the underside with various types of wedges. But this is not the end of the story. In this article I will show – perhaps the first – indisputable evidence that pickaxes were also used, albeit possibly on a minor scale. Continue reading →

Posted in Ancient Egypt, Archaeology, Old quarries | Tagged Ancient Egypt, ancient egyptian quarries, Elkab, quarrying techniques, sandstone | 7 Comments

Ten quarries of Ancient Egypt: Series summary

Posted on January 1, 2013 by Per Storemyr

A biface (hand axe) in the Wadi Beiza Palaeolithic quarries. Photo: Per Storemyr

Pharaoh Chephren’s pyramid at Giza, with remaining casing stones from the quarries at Tura at the top. Photo: Per Storemyr

A grinding stone quarry at the north scarp of the Kharga Oasis in the Egyptian Sahara. Photo: Per Storemyr

This is the place where we bumped into the Wadi el-Muluk limestone quarry in the winter of 1999. Photo: Per Storemyr

The main quarry workings at Rod el-Gamra in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Photo: Per Storemyr

One of the fine Old Kingdom basalt quarries at Widan el-Faras that is now destroyed… Photo: Per Storemyr

What a quarry! The central summit at Gebel Manzal el-Seyl in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Nearly 5000 years old. Photo: Per Storemyr

A room with a view! A soapstone quarry at Wadi Abu Qureya in Egypt’s Eastern Desert. Photo: Per Storemyr

This is how it looks like at Chephren’s Quarry. Photo: Per Storemyr

Firesetting experiment at Aswan. Photo: Adel Kelany

Egypt is world-renowned for its ancient quarries. Without them civilisation as we know it along the Nile would not have been possible. There are many spectacular quarries, popular way beyond the archaeological community. But there is also an enormous amount of quarries that rarely get the headlines. In the series Ten quarries of Ancient Egypt I have tried to highlight a few of those “unknowns”. They were the ones that particularly touched me during many seasons of walking the deserts bordering the Nile.

Thanks for reading, and for sharing the stories on Facebook between Christmas and New Year 2012/2013! Let’s hope that the quarries, most of which are thousands of years old, will remain there in 2013 and for millennia to come, and not be destroyed by modern development and bulldozers. So that we can enjoy them – and those after us!

Here’s the link to all the ten stories: Ten quarries of Ancient Egypt. Or you can click on the photos in the gallery above to get to the quarries…

Posted in Ancient Egypt, Archaeology, Old quarries | Tagged Ancient Egypt, ancient egyptian quarries, quarry, ten quarries of ancient egypt | 8 Comments

Ten quarries of Ancient Egypt: 10 – Firework!

Posted on December 31, 2012 by Per Storemyr

Happy New Year with firework in the ancient quarries! Photo: Per Storemyr

It’s New Year’s Eve. Happy New Year to you all! What could be better than to end this little series on Ancient Egyptian quarries with firework! It was Reginald Engelbach that first suggested the use of fire for stone quarrying in Ancient Egypt, when he excavated the Unfinished Obelisk at Aswan almost a hundred years ago. Over the last decade much more evidence has been found in Aswan and elsewhere – and Adel Kelany and his team of archaeologists has even made experiments trying to figure out how firesetting works. Take a look at the following pictures to see how it looks like when old Egyptian stone has been subjected to fire! Continue reading →

Posted in Ancient Egypt, Archaeology, Old quarries | Tagged Ancient Egypt, ancient egyptian quarries, Aswan, firesetting, quarry, ten quarries of ancient egypt | 3 Comments

Ten quarries of Ancient Egypt: 9 – Palaeolithic quarries in the Eastern Desert

Posted on December 31, 2012 by Per Storemyr

This is a great Palaeolithic quarry by Wadi Beiza in the Eastern Desert. It was the black, hard stone that was exploited. Photo: Per Storemyr

This is a great Palaeolithic quarry by Wadi Beiza in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. It was the black, hard stone that was exploited. Photo: Per Storemyr

Practically the whole of Egypt is dotted with quarries and tool workshops dating to the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic (some 3-400.000 to 30.000 years ago), showing how our predecessors adapted to the geological resources along the Nile and in the adjacent deserts. I’m very far from an expert on these periods, but over the years I’ve often been truly fascinated by quarries from these times that just popped up while looking for much later archaeological remains. In 2006, while on a tourist trip in the Eastern Desert with Red Sea Desert Adventures, we started to look for Palaeolithic tools and quarries. They were really very common. An experience we share with other people that have traversed the Eastern Desert. Continue reading →