Good stone doesn’t change its location!

TThe 12th century greenschist (chlorite schist) quarry at Øysanden, 17 km south of Trondheim. It was used for building Nidaros cathedral, but did it have a history beyond the Middle Ages? Photo: Per Storemyr

The 12th century greenschist (chlorite schist) quarry at Øysanden, 17 km south of Trondheim. It was used for building Nidaros Cathedral, but did it have a history beyond the Middle Ages? Photo: Per Storemyr

There have been few new posts on my blog recently. But there is a very good reason for this apparent laziness, since I’m now writing a book about stone. Or, to be more correct, a book about the cultural history of stone and quarries that led to the building of Europe’s northernmost medieval cathedral, Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim, Norway. Continue reading →

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Quarrying of soft stone through history

Krauchthal: Extraction marks from the pickaxes in the difficult corners

Krauchthal, Berne, Switzerland, around 1900: Extraction marks from pickaxes in difficult corners

Quarrying of soft stone has been done with remarkably uniform methods over the last 5000 years. From Ancient Egypt to modern Norway – soft stone, like sandstone, limestone and soapstone, was nearly always taken from bedrock using chisels or picks. I have collected a few previous posts about this phenomenon, and hope they may be of interest:

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The Palaeolithic rock art in Wadi Abu Subeira, Egypt: Landscape, archaeology, threats and conservation

This is how Wadi Abu Subeira may have looked like at the time of the making of the Late Palaeolithic rock art, some 15-20.000 years ago. Hypothetical reconstruction by Per Storemyr based on information on rock art locations from Adel Kelany and on the general knowledge of the geomorphology in the area, provided in Wendorf & Schild (1989). Only field studies can confirm the hypothesis.

Rock art by a “fjord” along the Nile? This is how Wadi Abu Subeira may have looked like at the time of the making of the Late Palaeolithic rock art, some 15-20.000 years ago. The iron mining concessions that may destroy the rock art are also indicated. Hypothetical reconstruction by Per Storemyr based on information on rock art locations from Adel Kelany and on the general knowledge of the geomorphology in the area, provided in Wendorf & Schild (1989). Only field studies can confirm the hypothesis.

Since the publication of the threats to the Palaeolithic rock art in Wadi Abu Subeira three weeks ago, there has been much response through e-mail and social media, and the case has been covered by many online magazines and blogs. People in Egypt and elsewhere are concerned, and I wish to thank you all for your interest and for bringing the case along to friends and colleagues, as well as to administrators and politicians. There now seems to be a need for an “unbiased”, comprehensive overview of what is actually known about the landscape, the archaeology, the rock art, the threats, current conservation efforts and options for the future. The overview below is based on published literature, and information that otherwise belongs to the public sphere. It is written in close cooperation with Adel Kelany, and we have benefitted from input by Dirk Huyge. Continue reading →

Posted in Ancient Egypt, Archaeology, Heritage destruction, Rock art | Tagged , , , , , , | 6 Comments

Wadi Abu Subeira, Egypt: Palaeolithic rock art on the verge of destruction

Adel Kamel of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Aswan recording Late Palaeolithic rock art while heavy trucks are transporting clay for the Egyptian ceramics industry in the background. Photo: Per Storemyr

Emergency in Wadi Abu Subeira: Adel Kamel of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Aswan recording Late Palaeolithic rock art. In the background: Heavy trucks transporting clay from the numerous mines in the wadi. The clay is used in the Egyptian ceramics industry. Photo: Per Storemyr

In 2006 one of the most important recent archaeological discoveries in Egypt were made in Wadi (Chor) Abu Subeira near Aswan: A team led by Adel Kelany of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) found a stunning assemblage of petroglyphs dating to the Late Palaeolithic era (c. 15-20.000 years ago). Ongoing surveys have shown that the initial find was the tip of the iceberg only, which makes Subeira perhaps the richest place of “Ice-Age” art in North Africa, comparable to the site of Qurta, 50 km to the north. Unfortunately, the Subeira rock art is extremely threatened by modern mining, which lately has proven to be even more widespread than previously thought: A truly unique testimony of mankind’s early art is now on the verge of destruction. Continue reading →

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For those who didn’t really get the Levallois technique

 

I didn’t make this fine animation, it is the work of José-Manuel Benito Álvarez, check at Wikimedia Commons and at Wikipedia. But I did take the photo, before, I have to admit, I really got it. You see, I’m fond of stone, and the reddish-orange silicified sandstone (quartzite) at Wadi Abu Subeira, near Aswan in Egypt, makes my heart jump… I guess the Levallois core was prepared in the Middle Palaeolithic, quite some thousands of years ago.

Happy Easter!

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Mickey Mouse in rock art at Gharb Aswan (Egypt): Was he fond of sound?

Mickey Mouse at Gharb Aswan. Tracing by Per Storemyr (after own photo)

Mickey Mouse at Gharb Aswan. Tracing by Per Storemyr (after own photo)

Though Prehistoric rock art certainly had a meaning, its implications usually remain mysterious for us moderns. But sometimes the rock art conveys funny things to speculate on. What about big-eared Mickey Mouse at Gharb Aswan in Upper Egypt: Was he particularly fond of music?

Mickey may have been carved in the Neolithic or Epipalaeolithic period, some 6.000-10.000 years ago. Continue reading →

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Nidarosdomens steinbrudd: Byggingen av Kristkirken (1070-1100)

Slik kan Kristkirken i Nidaros ha sett ut omkring 1100 (rekonstruksjon av Øystein Ekroll og Karl-Fredrik Keller)

Slik kan Kristkirken i Nidaros ha sett ut omkring 1100. Grunnplanen til dagens Nidarosdom er stiplet. (rekonstruksjon av Øystein Ekroll og Karl-Fredrik Keller)

Denne historien er en liten del av min bok “Nidarosdomens grunnfjell” (2015). Les mer om boken her.

Tenk deg at du for nesten 1000 år siden er engelsk byggmester og har fått i oppdrag å reise en av Norges aller første steinkirker, Kristkirken i Nidaros. Hvordan i all verden skal du ta fatt på oppgaven så langt borte fra Europas steinbyggings-tradisjoner? Tømmer til stillas og takverk er ikke noe problem, ei heller jern til verktøy – her er lokal kunnskap helt på topp. Men stein? Riktignok er det stein overalt, men den er mest hard og skifrig; det er ingen myk kalkstein og ingen romerske ruiner du kan plyndre. Hva gjør du? Continue reading →

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St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow – on a cold winter day 25 years ago

St. Basils Cathedral in January 1987

St. Basils Cathedral in January 1987

I’m getting thousands of my old slides scanned at the moment. Since I’m not doing it myself, I reckoned that the “post-production” and archiving would cost me a few hours’, perhaps a day’s work. I was utterly wrong. Continue reading →

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With pickaxe into modern times II: Quarrying of Marés at the Balearic Islands

Screenshot from the film "Piedra de Marés" (Source: http://www.tu.tv/videos/menorca-la-piedra-de-mares)

Screenshot from the film “Piedra de Marés” (Source: Youtube)

As a follow-up of my two recent articles on traditional quarrying of sandstone and soapstone, here is an exciting film about manual extraction of Piedra de Marés at Menorca. Marés is a soft, yellowish biocalcarenite (calcareous sandstone), widely used since Prehistory and characterising the traditional architecture on the Balearic Islands. Read on and watch video…

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With pickaxe into modern times: Quarrying of Bernese sandstone (CH)

Was it like this that the quarrymen extracted Bernese sandstone?

Was it like this that the quarrymen extracted Bernese sandstone?

Even until the 1950s the quarrymen in Berne extracted their sandstone using pickaxes. They carved out trenches around the blocks to be removed, not unlike the way their colleagues did 5.000 years ago in ancient Egypt. Why so? Join me on a trip to the Sandsteinlehrpfad in Krauchthal and Wege zu Klee in Ostermundigen to find out – and to learn about Berner Sandstein. It was a most important stone in Switzerland, giving rise to historic quarry centres substantial on a European scale. Continue reading →

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